Scotch Game | Lesson 31


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[•: Open Game Openings 1.e4 e5 - One by One]

Lesson 31 is designed for chess beginners to learn the Scotch Game chess opening. It includes 2 chess videos (Video 1: Scotch Game General Information, Video 2: Scotch Game How to Play), the text and explanations on the Scoth Game, and the PGN file to download, replay and see how this opening is played in real.

Latest Chess Opening Information and New Links

I. Scotch Game: Data and Variations


Chess Opening Name: Scotch Game
Type: An Open Game opening (starts with 1.e4 e5)
Moves: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 exd4 4.Nxd4
ECO Code: C45 (C45 is only Scotch Game)

Scotch Game chess opening

Scotch Game: General Description

Scotch Game got its name from a correspondence match in 1824 between Edinburgh (Scotland) and London. It is a good sample of an Open Game. Being popular today, the opening was played by Garry Kasparov who considered it as a nice replacement for the multivariation Ruy Lopes.

At the very beginning, White occupies the center by placing his pawn on e4 and knight on d4, which is a challenge for Black to compensate the initial opening's position and break it through at the game opening's phase... The best Black moves to answer Scotch Game are the following 4:

(1) 4... Bc5 (common appr. for 45%), (2) 4... Nf6 (common appr. for 40%), (3) 4... Nxd4 (common appr. for 10%), and (4) 4... Qh4 (common appr. for 5%). Officially, Scotch Game has 21 variations. As today, the most common 4-6 variations are being played for appr. 90% of all the games on Scotch Game.

Scotch Game: Some Variations

• The 4... Bc5 variation, C45:
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 exd4 4.Nxd4 Bc5

• Meitner variation, C45:
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 exd4 4.Nxd4 Bc5 5.Be3 Qf6 6.c3 Nge7 7.Nc2

• Schmidt variation, C45:
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 exd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6

• Ghulam Kassim variation, C45:
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 exd4 4.Nxd4 Nxd4 5.Qxd4 d6 6.Bd3

• Horwitz Attack variation, C45:
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 exd4 4.Nxd4 Qh4 5.Nb5

II. Scotch Game: Learn 2 Videos


To understand this chess opening in general, you are recommended to see Video 1: Scotch Game - General Information. To learn the Scotch Game opening in a visible way, click the Play button below:




• If the opening video hasn't shown up, please wait a little.
• If the video stops, drag a little right the player's handle.

To see Video 2: Scotch Game - How to Play, click this link:
See Video 2: Scotch Game - How to Play
Note: You can find Video 2 at the bottom of the page open.

III. Scotch Game: Download PGN File


Find below the Scotch-Game.pgn file to download and learn how this chess opening works in real and see its latest tendencies. To read the file, you will need a PGN Viewer Program. See Lesson 16, which explains you how to download a decent freeware PGN Viewer Program.

Within the Scotch-Game.pgn file, you will find:

• Description, main lines, some variations, and how to play 3 of them.
• 20 chess games played on Scotch Game by chess masters in 2008-2009.
• The computer program's analysis on each game's opening phase, and more...

To see how Scotch Game works in real at the chess master level and download the Scotch Game PGN file, click the following link:

Download the Scotch-Game.pgn File (12 KB)

Note 1. The above file is to be downloaded from Google Drive. First click the above link to open, then click the download icon to download.
Note 2. To read the above PGN File and see the chess games inside it, you will need a PGN Viewer software. See Lesson 16, which explains how to download a decent freeware PGN Viewer.

You can find more Open Game chess openings to learn:

Danish Gambit   • Petroff Defense   • Philidor Defense

Chess Openings - See All Lessons

The next chess opening to study on this website is the Scotch Gambit (Lesson 32). And on this page you've learned the Scotch Game chess opening ECO C45, which starts with the moves 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 exd4 4.Nxd4. The Scotch Game is a sample of open game chess openings because it starts with 1.e4 e5...

Scotch Game How to Play Video


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[•: To the Main Page of Scotch Game]

Scotch Game How to Play - Video: This chess video on Scotch Game will help you learn its 3 main variations. This opening video is also designed to help you develop feel of correctly playing Scotch Game and learn the opening's ideas, developing squares, and typical positions.

Before you play the video, please read the following information to better understand a general picture on Scotch Game... Today this chess opening is being popular. It was played by Garry Kasparov who considered Scotch Game as a nice alternative to multivariation Ruy Lopes.

Scotch Game (1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 exd4 4.Nxd4, C45) and Scotch Gambit (to be discussed later: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 exd4 4.Bc4 (or 4.c3), C44) are two parts of the Scotch Opening (1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4, C44-45). Scotch Game is an excited one to play for White and Black.

To answer Scotch Game, Black has 1 of the next 4 moves: (1) 4... Bc5 - appr. 45% in 2009; (2) 4... Nc6 - appr. 40%; (3) 4... Nxd4 - appr. 10%; (4) 4... Qh4 - appr. 5%. Officially, Scotch Game has 21 variations: 4 - 6 of them are the most commonly played. The opening is useful for beginners...

The video will display how to correctly play the following 3 main variations of Scotch Game: Meitner variation, Schmidt variation, and Horwitz Attack variation. To see the Scotch Game How to Play video, just click the Play button below:




• If the opening video hasn't shown up, please wait a little.
• If the video stops, drag a little right the player's handle.
• If the video displays an error, try to start and play it later.

To replay on the chess board and learn the Scotch Game variations which were shown in the above video, see them in writing below:

Variation 1: Scotch Game - Meitner variation, C45
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 exd4 4.Nxd4 Bc5 5.Be3 Qf6 6.c3 Nge7 7.Nc2 d6 8.Bxc5 dxc5 9.Ne3 Qg6 10.Nd2 0-0

Variation 2: Scotch Game - Schmidt variation, C45
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 exd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 Bb4 6.Nc6 bxc6 7.Bd3 d5 8.exd5 cxd5 9.0-0 0-0 10.Bg5 Be6 11.Qf3 Be7

Variation 3: Scotch Game - Horwitz Attack variation, C45
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 exd4 4.Nxd4 Qh4 5.Nb5 Bb4+ 6.Bd2 Qxe4+ 7.Be2 Kd8 8.0-0 Nf6 9.N1c3 Qh4 10.g3 Qh3 11.Bf3

Ponziani Opening How to Play Video


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[•: To the Main Page of Ponziani Opening]

Video - Ponziani Opening How to Play: This chess video on Ponziani Opening will help you learn 3 main variations of this chess opening. The video is also designed to help you develop feel of correctly playing Ponziani Opening and learn ideas, developing squares, etc.

Before you play the video, please read the following information to better understand a general picture on playing Ponziani Opening... Today this chess opening has been forgotten. It is difficult even to find sample games on Pozniani Opening at the chess master level. But...

Pozniani Opening must be good for White. If you play correctly for White, you will have at least an equal position. As with any opening, the main problem is to have idea how to play it. And now you are proposed to find the video below and see it. Maybe you will like this opening...

The video will display how to correctly play 3 main variations of Pozniani Opening: Leonhardt variation, Jaenisch Counterattack variation, and Ponziani Countergambit variation. To see the Ponziani Opening How to Play video, click the Play button below:




• If the opening video hasn't shown up, please wait a little.
• If the video stops, drag a little right the player's handle.

To replay on the chess board and learn the Ponziani Opening variations which were shown in the above video, see them in writing below:

Variation 1: Ponziani Opening - Leonhardt variation, C44
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.c3 d5 4.Qa4 Nf6 5.Nxe5 Bd6 6.Nxc6 bxc6 7.d3! 0-0 8.Be2 Re8 9.Bg5 h6 10.Bxf6 Qxf6 11.Nd2

Variation 2: Ponziani Opening - Jaenisch Counterattack variation, C44
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.c3 Nf6 4.d4 Nxe4 5.d5 Nb8 6.Nxe5 Bc5 7.Qg4 0-0 8.Qxe4 d6 9.Bd3 f5 10.Qc4 b5! 11.Qxb5 Qe7 12.0-0 dxe5 13.Bg5!

Variation 3: Ponziani Opening - Ponziani Countergambit variation, C44
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.c3 f5 4.d4 fxe4 5.Nxe5 Qf6 6.Ng4 Qg6 7.d5! Nd8 8.Be2 Bc5 9.0-0 Nf7

This is a secondary page of the Ponziani Opening. To return to the Home Page of the Ponziani Opening, use the link at the top of this page.

Ponziani Opening | Lesson 30


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[• Get: PDF eBook on Ponziani Opening on This Page]

This Lesson 30 is designed for chess beginners to learn the Ponziani Opening, an oldest opening in the history of chess. The lesson includes text, PDF ebook and the following 2 chess videos: Video 1 Ponziani Opening General Information and Video 2 Ponziani Opening How to Play (see them below).

Note. The PGN file on the Ponziani Opening will not be developed on this website -- or may be later on. Instead, you can download a special free PDF ebook "Pozniani Opening: How to Win." Small in size, the above PDF ebook will provide you with detailed information on the Ponziani Opening.

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I. Ponziani Opening: Data and Variations


Chess Opening Name: Ponziani Opening
Type: Open Game opening (begins with 1.e4 e5)
Moves: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.c3
ECO Code: C44

Ponziani Opening

Note. C44 is not only Ponziani Opening.
Note. C44 is also Tayler Opening, Inverted Hanham, and some others.
Note. Looking for Ponziani Opening games by C44, please check the move order.

Ponziani Opening General Description

Ponziani Opening is an oldest opening in the history of chess. It is named after Domenico Lorenzo Ponziani (1719 – 1796) who was an Italian law professor, priest, chess player, chess writer and composer. The opening is also called English Knight's Game or Staunton's Opening.

The main features of Ponziani Opening follows. By moving 3.c3, White goes for the center control. At the same time, the pawn on c3 slightly delays the White development of the minor pieces at the Queen's side. Because of this, today Ponziani Opening is being played rarely at all levels of chess.

Black may get slightly better position if he knows how to play it correctly. For White, Pozniani Opening may be effectively used from time to time against an unprepared opponent. To some extend, the opening is similar to Ruy Lopes (3.Bb5)and Italian Game (3.Bc4), which are much more popular today...

As a respond to Pozniani Opening, Black is to answer the following 1 of 5: (1) 3... d5 - one of the best moves; (2) 3... Nf6 - one of the best moves; (3) 3... f5 - old one (original Ponziani's move); (4) 3... Nge7; (5) 3... Be7. Officially, there are 11 variations; the most common 4-6.

Main Variations

Leonhardt variation, C44
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.c3 d5 4.Qa4 Nf6

Jaenisch Counterattack variation, C44
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.c3 Nf6

Ponziani Countergambit variation, C44
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.c3 f5

II. Ponziani Opening: Learn 2 Videos


To better understand this chess opening, you are recommended to see Video 1: Ponziani Opening - General Information. To learn Ponziani Opening in a visible way, click the Play button below:




• If the opening video hasn't shown up, please wait a little.
• If the video stops, drag a little right the player's handle.

To see Video 2: Ponziani Opening - How to Play, click the next link:
Ponziani Opening Play Video
Note: You can find Video 2 at the bottom of the page open.

III. Ponziani Opening: Download PDF eBook


To learn Ponziani Opening, you can download the following PDF ebook:

Ponziani Opening - How to Win, PDF eBook; 102 KB

Note 1. The above PDF file is to be downloaded from Google Drive. First click the above link to open, then click the download icon to download.
Note 2. The above link will open in a new window of your web browser.

Sister Chess Blog | Chess Video Blog

Chess Openings for Beginners - See All Lessons

The next chess opening to study on this website is the Scotch Game (Lesson 31). And on this page you've learned the Ponziani Opening, ECO C44, which starts with the moves 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.c3... The Ponziani Opening is a representative of open game chess openings because it starts with 1.e4 e5.

Petroff Defense | Lesson 29


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[•: Learn Open Game Chess Openings 1.e4 e5]

Lesson 29 will help you learn the Petroff Defense chess opening. It includes 3 chess videos: Video 1 Petroff Defense General Information, Video 2 Petroff Defense How to Play, and Video 3 Petroff Defense Trap. Video 1 is located on this page, Videos 2-3 on separated pages (their links below). The lesson also holds the PGN file to download, replay and learn how the Petroff Defense games are played in real.

Latest Chess Opening Information and New Links

I. Petroff Defense: Data and Variations


Opening Name: Petroff Defense
Type: Open Game opening (begins with 1.e4 e5)
Moves: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nf6
ECO Codes: C42-C43

Petroff Defense

Petroff Defense: General Description

This chess opening is named after the first recognized Russian chess master Alexander Petroff (Petrov). Alexander Petroff (1794-1867) is also a famous world chess composer. In Russia, this opening is called the Russian Game. The opening may be also spelled as Petrov, Petrov's, Petroff, or Petroff's Defense.

The Petroff Defense opening is recognizable, respected, and a popular Open Game at the chess master level. It is being played at the top level chess. The main feature of Petroff Defense is the the following: Instead of defending the e5 pawn, Black counter-attacks at the very beginning to take the initiative.

The Petroff Defense may transpose into the Four Knights Game, Bishop's Opening, and into some other openings. For chess beginners, it is important to learn one trap which is possible at the very beginning of this opening (see video 2). The best White moves to answer Petroff Defense are the following 3:

(1) 3.Nxe5 (common today appr. for 60%), (2) 3.d4 (common today appr. for 20%), and (3) 3.Nc3 (common today appr. for 15%). Officially, Petroff Defense has 28 variations. As today, the most common 6-8 variations are being played for appr. 90% of all games on Petroff Defense. 3 most common variations of the Petroff Defense are:

1. Cozio (Lasker) Attack. 2. Modern (Steinitz) Attack. 3. Petroff Three Knights Game.

II. Petroff Defense: Learn 3 Videos (1 Trap)


To get a picture on this chess opening, you are recommended to see Video 1: Petroff Defense General Information. The video runs for 2 min. 26 sec.. It will give you general information, show some statistics, 3 common variations and more... To learn the Petroff Defense chess opening in a visible way, click the Play button below:




• If the opening video hasn't shown up, please wait a little.
• If the video stops, drag a little right the player's handle.

To see Video 2: Petroff Defense - How to Play, click this link:
See Video 2: Petroff Defense - How to Play
Note: You can find Video 2 at the bottom of the page open.

To see Video 3: Petroff Defense Trap, click this link:
See Video 3: Petroff Defense Trap
Note: You can find Video 3 at the bottom of the page open.

III. Petroff Defense: Download PGN File


Find below the Petroff-Defense.pgn file to download and see how it works in real games at the chess master level. To read the file, you will need a PGN Viewer Program. See Lesson 16, which explains you how to download a decent freeware PGN Viewer Program.

The Petroff-Defense.pgn file was compiled in the following way:

• The file includes 3 main variations and displays how to correctly play them.
• Also, the file includes 16 chess games played on Petroff Defense in 2009.
• The chess games were selected randomly, all FIDE players rated 2389-2751.

• All the names of the chess players were removed.
• The game results and tournament names were removed as well.
• The games are shown from the beginning to the end of the opening phase.

• At this point, the positions were analyzed by a computer program.
• You will see the result of the program's analysis, like this...
• "If White finds a best line ..., White will be better at 0.24 pawns."

• The computer program's analysis will help you:
• To analyze who was better at playing the opening.
• To understand how to correctly enter the middle game...

To see how Petroff Defense works in real games at the chess master level, click the following link:

Download the Petroff-Defense.pgn File, 9 KB

Note 1. The above file is to be downloaded from Google Drive. First click the above link to open, then click the download icon to download.
Note 2. To read the above PGN File and see the chess games inside it, you will need a PGN Viewer software. See Lesson 16, which explains how to download a decent freeware PGN Viewer.

Chess Openings for Beginners - See All Lessons

The next one to study on this website is the Ponziani Opening (Lesson 30). And on this page you've learned the Petroff Defense chess opening, C42-C43, which starts with the moves 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nf6... The Petroff Defense is a representative of open game chess openings because it starts with 1.e4 e5.

Petroff Defense Video How to Play Variations


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Video - Petroff Defense How to Play Variations: This chess opening video on Petroff Defense will help you learn 3 main variations of this opening. This video is also designed to help you develop feel of correctly playing Petroff Defense and learn ideas, developing squares, etc.

Before you play the video, please read the following information to better understand a general picture on playing Petroff Defense... Officially, there are 28 variations of Petroff Defense. But, there are only 6 main variations that cover appr. 95% of all the games played on Petroff Defense.

The video will display 3 (of 6) main variations that cover appr.60% of all the games played on Petroff Defense - The calculations were made based on the recent games played on Petroff Defense at the chess master level. To see the Petroff Defense How to Play video, click the Play button below:




• If the opening video hasn't shown up, please wait a little.
• If the video stops, drag a little right the player's handle.

To replay on the chess board and learn the Petroff Defense variations which were shown in the above video, see them in writing below:

Main Variation 1: Petroff Defense - Cozio (Lasker) Attack Variation, C42
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.Nxe5 d6 4.Nf3 Nxe4 5.Qe2 Qe7 6.d3 Nf6 7.Bg5 Qxe2+ 8.Bxe2 Be7 9.Nc3 c6 10.O-O-O Na6
Note: C42 is 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nf6 {3.Any White move but not d4

Main Variation 2: Philidor Defense - Classical Attack Variation, C42
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.Nxe5 d6 4.Nf3 Nxe4 5.d4 d5 6.Bd3 Bd6 7.c4
Note: C42 is 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nf6 {3.Any White move but not d4

Main Variation 3: Petroff Defense - Modern(Steinitz) Attack Variation, C43
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.d4 Nxe4 4.Bd3 d5 5.Nxe5 Be7 6.0-0 0-0 7.c4 Nf6
Note: C43 is 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.d4 {3... Any Black move

Be sure to see also Video: Petroff Defense - Learn This Trap. The video will show you the main trap of Petroff Defense which is very common for chess beginners. After this, you must be safe to play Petroff Defense. The Petroff Defense - Learn This Trap video is located on this page:

The Petroff Defense Trap - Video

You can also access the above video from the Main Page of Petroff Defense.

Petroff Defense Trap Video


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[•: To the Main Page of Petroff Defense]

Video: Petroff Defense Trap: Find this chess video on the chess opening trap below. The video will show you the Petroff Defense opening trap, which is possible at the very beginning of the game... The Petroff is reliable. It is safe to play for Black. The Petroff Defense opening is also popular at the top-level chess. From the very beginning, Black attempts to take the initiative. Within the Petroff Defense opening, Black may get good opening position to explore...

But there is one common trap that you must know about... The following is more information on this trap. The designated moves of Petroff Defense have just been made... 2 knights and 2 pawns at the center under opposition... White is taking the pawn and... The first desire of the Black player is to take the White pawn in respond. Be aware of this mistake... There is only one best move for Black to answer. For sure, Black may safely take the White pawn but little later.

Besides, the Black blunder may follow the mistake. If the blunder move is made, it will be too late for Black... The video will show you how to use and how to avoid the trap... The Petroff Defense: Learn This Trap video is ready to show up. You will learn the mistake, the blunder, the correct line of play, and why it is not recommended to make this mistake within Petroff Defense... To see and learn this video on chess opening traps, just click the Play button below:




• If the opening video hasn't shown up, please wait a little.
• If the video stops, drag a little right the player's handle.

You have seen the video about the Petroff Defense Trap. After this, you are recommended to return back to the Main Page of Petroff Defense (see the link at the top of this page).

Philidor Defense | Lesson 28


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[• Learn: All Open Game Chess Openings e4 e5]

This chess opening lesson is designed for beginners to learn Philidor Defense. The lesson holds 4 chess videos (Video 1: Philidor Defense - General Information | Video 2: Philidor Defense - How to Play | Video 3: Philidor Defense - Trap 1 | Video 4: Philidor Defense - Trap 2)...

Video 1 is located on this page; Videos 2-3-4 on separated pages. Find the links to Videos 2-3-4 on this page below... The lesson is also the textual part to read and the .PGN file to download and learn the real chess games, which were played on Philidor Defense in 2009 by chess masters.

By composition, this chess opening lesson is divided into 3 parts:
I. Philidor Defense: Data and Variations
II. Philidor Defense Videos: See a Picture, How to Play, and 2 Traps
III. Philidor Defense PGN File: Download and Learn Real Games

Latest Chess Opening Information and New Links


I. Philidor Defense: Data and Variations



Opening Name: Philidor Defense
Type: Open Game opening (begins with 1.e4 e5)
Move Order: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6
ECO Code: C41

Philidor Defense

Philidor Defense: Description

This chess opening is named after the famous 18th century player Francois-Andre Philidor. The main 2 features of Philidor Defense are the following: 1. Black creates strong defense, but his chess pieces are limited in movement. 2. If you want to play Philidor Defense for Black, be sure to learn 2 traps.

The best White moves to answer Philidor Defense are 3.d4 (for 60-70%) or 3.Bc4 (for 10-15%). As an answer for the White move 3.d4, it is not recommended for Black to play 3... Bg4? or 3... f5?!. At the chess master level, it is popular to use the alternative move order for Philidor Defense.


II. Philidor Defense Videos: See a Picture, How to Play, and 2 Traps



Now, you are recommended to see Video 1: Philidor Defense - General Information. To see and learn the Philidor Defense chess opening in a visible way, just click the Play button below:




• If the opening video hasn't shown up, please wait a little.
• If the video stops, drag a little right the player's handle.

See also Video 2: Philidor Defense - How to Play clicking the next link:

See Video 2: Philidor Defense - How to Play
Note: You can find Video 2 at the bottom of the page open.

See also Video 3: Philidor Defense - Trap 1 by clicking the next link:

See Video 3: Philidor Defense - Trap 1
Note: You can find Video 3 at the bottom of the page open.

See also Video 4: Philidor Defense - Trap 2 by clicking the next link:

See Video 4: Philidor Defense - Trap 2
Note: You can find Video 4 at the bottom of the page open.


III. Philidor Defense PGN File: Download and Learn Real Games



Find below the Philidor-Defense.pgn file to download and see how this opening works in real games at the chess master level. To read the file, you will need a PGN Viewer Program. See Lesson 16, which explains you how to download a decent freeware PGN Viewer Program. Before downloading the file, please read in which way it was compiled and what you will see within it.

The Philidor-Defense.pgn file was created in the following way:

• The file includes main variations and displays how to correctly play 3 variations.
• In addition, the file includes 24 chess games played on Philidor Defense in the year 2009.
• The chess games were selected randomly, all FIDE players rated 2027-2696.

• All the names of the chess players were removed, their ELO ratings kept intact.
• The game results and tournament names were removed as well.
• The chess games are shown from the game beginning to the middle game stage only.

• At this point, the positions were analyzed by a computer program.
• You will see the result of the program's analysis, like this...
• "If White finds a best line ..., Black will be slightly better at 0.09 pawns."

• The computer program's analysis will help you:
• To analyze who was better at playing Philidor Defense.
• To understand how to correctly continue the middle game...

To see how Philidor Defense works at the chess master level, click the following link:

Download the Philidor-Defense.pgn File (15 KB)

Note 1. The above file is to be downloaded from Google Drive. First click the above link to open, then click the download icon to download.
Note 2. To read the above PGN File and see the chess games inside it, you will need a PGN Viewer software. See Lesson 16, which explains how to download a decent freeware PGN Viewer.

Chess Openings for Beginners - See All Lessons


The next chess opening to study on this website is the Petroff Defense (Lesson 29). And on this page you've learned the Philidor Defense chess opening, ECO C41, which starts with the moves 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6... The Philidor Defense is a representative of open game chess openings because it starts with 1.e4 e5.